- What is an ESTA?
ESTA stands for "Electronic System for Travel Authorization". An ESTA is a travel authorisation that is required to fly or sail to the United States of America without a visa. An ESTA is easier, quicker and cheaper to obtain than a US visa.
In 1986, the American government established the Visa Waiver Program (VWP). This is a collaboration between the USA and 39 close allies. This includes the United Kingdom, Ireland and many other European countries. Citizens of these countries can travel to the USA without a visa. Starting 12 January 2009, however, they must possess a valid ESTA.
The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) introduced the ESTA in response to the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001. Prior to its introduction, travellers from VWP countries without a visa were only screened upon arrival in the United States. By means of the ESTA application procedure, an important part of the screening now already takes place before departure.
By order of the DHS, every ESTA application is checked by US Customs & Border Protection (CBP). This involves comparing the data filled in on the application form with a large number of databases, including databases of (international) law violations, search warrants and the database of stolen and missing Interpol passports.
If Customs & Border Protection do not find a reason to suspect that a traveller poses a risk, then the ESTA application will be approved. Transportation companies, such as airlines and shipping companies, may only transport passengers with a valid ESTA or visa to American territory. They will therefore check before departure whether each traveller has a valid visa or ESTA. This check is made using the passport number.
A valid ESTA does not guarantee entry into American territory. An approval only means that the data entered in the application form did not ring any alarm bells. Upon arrival in the United States, a US Customs & Border Protection employee will once again make an assessment of the risks that a traveller may pose. If the employee suspects that the traveller may pose a risk, as described in the Immigration and Nationality Act § 212, the traveller will be expelled from the USA without needing to provide a reason.
- Do I need an ESTA or visa?
Are you travelling to the United States of America by airplane, ship or land? Then you need an ESTA.
You also need to apply for an ESTA for:
• A transit in the USA; even if you will not be leaving the airport
• Children accompanying travellers also each need their own ESTA, regardless of their age
• A trip to Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, the Northern Marianas and the American Virgin Islands. UK nationals travelling to Guam or the Northern Marianas do not require a visa or ESTA. However, they must complete Form I-736 before they travel.
Apply for an ESTA now
Travelling to the USA without an ESTA is only possible if you have a passport that was issued by the United States or Canada, or if you have a US visa which was issued for this purpose.
The American immigration service recommends that you only apply for a visa if you do not meet the requirements of the ESTA. Applying for an ESTA is cheaper, quicker and easier than applying for a US visa. To apply for a visa, an appointment must be made at the embassy, where fingerprints will be taken and an interview is conducted. Applying for an ESTA can be done entirely online with the digital application form. It takes about fifteen minutes to complete. If you opt for an urgent delivery, your ESTA will usually be granted within 6 hours.
Are you travelling to the USA by land from Canada or Mexico? From 1 October 2022, you will also need an ESTA for that.
- How long is an ESTA valid for?
An ESTA is valid for a maximum of two years. This validity period starts as soon as the application has been approved. When the passport with which the ESTA has been applied for expires, the validity of the ESTA expires alongside it.
Maximum length of stay per trip
The fact that an ESTA is valid for two years does not mean that you can also stay in the USA for two years. Each stay in the United States of America may last up to 90 consecutive days. However, an ESTA allows you to travel to the USA an unlimited number of times. The ESTA only has to be valid upon arrival, not during the entire stay. Would you like to stay in the USA longer than 90 days? Then you can apply for a US visa. There are several US visas available.
Leaving the USA for a short time in between
Will you be briefly visiting another country in between two visits to the USA? Then a US Customs & Border Protection employee will decide upon your arrival if and how long you may stay in the USA. This prevents travellers from leaving the USA for a short period of time solely in order to extend the maximum length of stay.
Are you travelling from the United States to Canada, Mexico or a nearby island, and from there back to the United States? In that case, the maximum duration of stay in the USA will continue from the previous stay. The period you spend in Canada, Mexico or a nearby island will therefore be deducted from the maximum stay of 90 days in the United States. Nearby islands are: Anguilla, Antigua, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Barbuda, Bermuda, Bonaire, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Curaçao, Dominica, Dominican Republic Grenada, Guadeloupe, Haïti, Jamaica, Marie-Galante, Martinique, Miquelon, Montserrat, Saba, Saint-Barthélemy, Sint Eustatius, Saint Christopher and Nevis St. Lucia, Sint Maarten/St Martin, Saint Pierre, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago and the Turks and Caicos Islands.
To Guam or the Northern Marianas
Are you travelling with an ESTA to Guam or the Northern Mariana Islands? Then the maximum length of stay is not 90 days, but 45 days.
The validity of your ESTA can expire before two years
If you start using a new passport, move to another country, change your name or gender or can no longer answer all security questions at the bottom of the ESTA form with “No”, the validity of the ESTA expires immediately.
For a further explanation of the above, read the page about the validity of the ESTA.
- What requirements do I have to meet?
Passport requirements
To submit an ESTA application, you need a passport stating that you have the nationality of the United Kingdom, Ireland or one of these other countries. Do you have a Taiwanese passport? Then it must have a Personal Identification Number. Do you have a UK passport? It cannot say British Subject, British Dependent Territories Citizen, British Overseas Citizen, British National (overseas) Citizen or British Protected Person.
An ESTA application requires you to submit a digital copy of your passport (scan or photo). This must be the same passport that you will be taking with you on your trip, and it must be valid throughout your stay in the United States. Your passport must also contain a chip. All normal passports have one, but emergency passports usually do not, and the German Kinderreisepass never does. Your (emergency) passport only has a chip if it contains the logo below, and can therefore be used to apply for an ESTA.

Travel purpose
You can use an ESTA for business and tourist trips, to visit family or friends, to make a transfer or undergo medical treatment. You may also perform paid work during your stay in the United States, but only if you are doing so for an employer based outside the United States. This means you can also visit clients, suppliers, conferences and other gatherings.
An ESTA does not allow you to be employed by an American organisation. You also cannot start an organisation in the USA, take one over or invest in one. You also cannot travel as an artist, cabin crew (airplane or ship), religious worker, journalist, media representative, government representative or treaty negotiator. You also cannot apply for a residence permit in the United States after arriving with an ESTA. Finally, you cannot pursue an education or internship in the USA with an ESTA.
Your trip to the United States
When applying for an ESTA, you do not need to have booked anything yet. However, when checking in for your flight to the USA, you must already possess a booking confirmation of the onward or return flight. Are you travelling with a private airline or private boat? Then an ESTA does not suffice and you must apply for a visa.
You may not pose a risk to security
In order to apply for an ESTA, you must declare that you do not pose a risk to the safety and security in the USA. You do this by truthfully answering all security questions with “No” at the bottom of the ESTA form, and consenting to the statement of agreement. This is only possible if you meet the following criteria, both at the time of applying and during the entire trip:
• You do not have a physical or mental condition that is dangerous to your surroundings
• You have never committed a crime that resulted in serious property damage or injury
• You do not use drugs and you have never broken a drug-related law
• You are not a terrorist, spy or saboteur
• You have never violated a US visa-related law
• You have never been denied a US visa application (a rejected ESTA application is not a problem)
• You have never been denied entry to the United States or expelled from the country
• You have not been in Iraq, North Korea, Syria, Iran, Sudan, Libya, Somalia and/or Yemen after 1 March 2011 (individuals who travelled to these countries for military purposes or government affairs may be eligible for an exemption)
• You have not been in Cuba in or after January 12th of 2021
• You do not have the nationality of Iraq, North Korea, Syria, Iran and/or Sudan
I meet the requirements and want to apply for an ESTA
I do not meet the requirements and want to apply for a visa
For a further explanation on the above, read the page about the requirements of the ESTA USA.
- I have a criminal record or traffic fine, what now?
Travellers with a criminal record or traffic fine can in many cases apply for an ESTA as normal.
Start your application
Only if you have been convicted of a crime that led to serious material damage, serious injury to another person, or damage to a government facility, will it no longer be possible to apply for an ESTA. In order to still travel to the USA, you will need to apply for a US visa.
- I do not have a normal passport, what now?
Do you not have a passport? Then you cannot apply for an ESTA. First, apply for a passport at the designated facility. You can only apply for an ESTA after you have received your passport.
Are you unable to get a passport because you are an asylum seeker? If you are a refugee and only have a residence permit with which you can stay in the UK or other European countries, you cannot apply for an ESTA. You can, however, try to apply for an American visa.
Applying for an ESTA is only possible if you have a passport with a chip. This contains biometric data. If you do not have a normal passport, it might be possible that your passport does not have a chip. For example, the German Children Travel Pass does not have it. Likewise, emergency passports often also do not have a chip. Your passport only has a chip if it contains the symbol below, and can therefore be used to apply for an ESTA:

A German service passport is also not accepted when submitting an ESTA application.
- Do I need to go anywhere for my application?
No, the application procedure for an ESTA happens entirely online. You can use the online application form for this. If you need any help with that, read the explanation about the ESTA form.
Open the ESTA form and submit an application
- Do I still need to take the coronavirus into account?
The coronavirus measures have been changed a lot over time. That is why it is highly recommended to check the page with recent measures against Covid-19 in the USA, well before departure, and right before departure.
Check all Covid-19 measures in the USA